Bob Hanks， a commercial artist who works frequently in architectural signage and owner of Sign Graphics 214 in Lafayette， Louisiana， has been in the business long enough to observe a change in the fabrication of signs.
鲍勃·汉克斯(Bob Hanks)是一名商业艺术家，经常在建筑标识行业工作。他在路易斯安那州拉法耶特拥有一家标识图形制作公司。
When Hanks opened his shop about twenty years ago， he fabricated many signs from redwood. Now， while Hanks still restores， repairs， and repaints existing redwood signs， the majority of his work is fabricated from high-density urethane (HDU).
大约20年前，汉克斯开了他的店，他用红木做了很多标识。现在，尽管汉克斯仍在恢复、修理和重新粉刷以前的红木标识，但现在他的大部分作品都是由高密度的聚氨酯(HDU)制成的。
In fact， he recently completed a post-and-panel project using HDU for the Gueydan Memorial Guest Home located in Louisiana.
事实上，他最近完成了一个标识项目，是使用HDU为位于路易斯安那州的盖丹纪念客居标识（Gueydan Memorial Guest Home）。
“I’m a vendor that does sandblasted sign work and architectural graphics for about three other sign companies in the area， and this job came through a company in this area called All Star Signs & Specialties，” explains Hanks.
汉克斯解释道：“我是一个供应商，为这个地区其他三家标识公司做喷砂标识和建筑图形工作，这份工作来自该地区一家名为全明星标识公司（All Star Signs）。”
All Star Signs supplied a photo of an existing sign that they wanted to model this project after， and Hanks took that photo and used Adobe Illustrator to design the sign.
全明星标识公司向汉克斯提供了一张标识预想图的照片，他们想以此为项目做模型，汉克斯拍下了这张照片，并用Adobe Illustrator设计了表示外观。
Hanks next got to work on fabricating the elements of the single-sided post-and-panel sign， including the 18-by-48-inch main sign face， the shingle that hangs below it， and the architectural elements with the cornice at the top.
汉克斯着手制作标识面板，这包括18×48英寸的主标识面、悬挂在其下方的木板，以及顶部有檐口的建筑元素。
All the pieces were cut out from one-and-a-half-inch-thick， fifteen-pound Sign·Foam HDU using a small Bosch power router. (Note： If you’re creating a double-sided sign， Hanks recommends moving up to two-inch-thick， fifteen-pound HDU.)
所有的部件都是由1.5英寸厚，15磅重的泡沫HDU制成，用一个小博世切割机切割而成。(注意：如果你要创建一个双面标识，汉克斯建议将标识面板调成2英寸厚、15磅重的HDU)。
Hanks says he used a combination of router bits on this project. “I use the roundover bit anywhere from 1/8-inch to 3/4-inch. I also use a very common bit in architectural finishes called a Roman Ogee. It’s made to assimilate molding， like picture frame molding. It’s real handy on some signs， and it makes a nice finish.”
汉克斯说：“在这个项目中使用了切割机。我在1/8英寸到3/4英寸的位置使用圆角钻头。我还在建筑装饰中使用了一个非常常见的部分，叫做罗马Ogee。它是为了吸收成型，像相框成型。在一些路标上，它真的很方便，而且收尾也不错。”
Once the pieces were cut out， the plan was to sandblast the sign. So after vectorizing the design， Hanks created a stencil in Mimaki FineCut software and then cut it out using a Mimaki CG-130FX plotter.
汉克斯计划做喷砂的标识。因此，在对设计进行矢量化之后，汉克斯用Mimaki 的FineCut软件创建了一个模板，然后用Mimaki CG-130FX绘图仪将其裁剪出来。
Hanks ran into a bit of a challenge with the pattern for the architectural elements at the top of the sign.
汉克斯在标识顶部的建筑元素上遇到了一点挑战。
“When you cut the sandblast stencil， that makes an automatic pattern for you，” he says. “When the pattern was cut somehow， it was a little bit off.
他说：“当你切割喷砂模具时，就会自动形成图案。当这个图案被剪掉的时候，就有点不对劲掉了。”
“So the challenge there was to use one side that was correct on the pattern cut and just flip it on over and use that to make them symmetrical; this way I wouldn’t be off.”
鲍勃·汉克斯：“所以挑战在于，正面刻的图案反面要一模一样，让它们对称。”
For the sandblasting portion of this project， Hanks teamed up with Blast Works， LLC out of Carencro，Louisiana. The company completed the sandblasting with its Dustless Blasting machine with a special grit material， which allows for some of it to be recovered.
对于这个项目的喷砂部分，汉克斯与路易斯安那州爆炸工程凯林克罗的冲击波有限责任公司工作，公司用一台特殊的无尘喷射机完成了喷砂工程。
Blast Works， LLC used the incised blasting method to blast out the letters on the main sign panel as well as the phone number on the shingle sign. This method involves covering the sign with a sandblast resist or a mask and leaving only the parts to be blasted out exposed.
冲击波有限责任公司使用切割机切割标识牌上的字母以及木板标识上的电话号码。该方法采用喷砂胶和薄膜覆盖标识，只留下暴露在外的部分，以便切割。
Blast Works also completed sandblasting on the background of the sign elements to give them a stucco-like finish.
喷砂工程也完成了对标识的背景喷砂处理，使它们看起来像灰泥一样。
Hanks and Blast Works， LLC then went back to the main sign panel with a Grain·Fraim， which is a specially engineered sandblasting screen used with Sign·Foam that makes it easy to replicate a natural wood grain texture. The Grain·Fraim has multiple wires with adjustable tension. Users place the Grain·Fraim in front of a pre-masked sign and sandblast through its wires until the desired depth is achieved.
汉克斯和冲击波有限责任公司使用了Fraim材料的主标识面板，这是一种特制的喷砂泡沫板，它可以很容易的复制一个自然的木纹纹理。Fraim有多条张力可调的导线。用使用者可以将Fraim放置在预先覆盖好的标识前面并通过其导线喷砂，直到达到所需的深度。
When the sign pieces were completely sandblasted， Hanks laid them out and positioned them in place with the posts， in order to get a better sense of the finished fabricated design. He then got to work on painting.
当标识板完全喷砂后，汉克斯将它们摆放在柱子上，以便更好地观察成品的外观，然后他开始在面板上仔细修饰。
Hanks first applied a waterborne，latex primer from PPG. Next， he painted the pieces with 100 percent acrylic latex PPG paints using a combination of a Wagner airless sprayer， paint brushes， and four-inch and six-inch rollers with 1/4-inch nap. (Note： Hanks says to reserve rollers with longer 3/8-inch or 1/2-inch naps for applying primer.sign graphics 214 hdu post and panel sign
汉克斯首先使用了PPG的水性乳胶底漆。接下来，他用100%的丙烯乳胶PPG颜料，结合瓦格纳的无气喷雾器、画笔、4英寸和6英寸的滚轴，加上1/4英寸的绒毛画出了这些作品。
注：汉克斯说，要保留3/8英寸或1/2英寸的滚轮，以便涂底漆。
In total， the fabrication of the post-and-panel sign took about fifteen working days.
制作后置及嵌板标识共花了约十五个工作日。
To install the sign， Hanks started by digging and prepping the two footings for each post.
为了安装这个标识，汉克斯首先为每个柱子挖好并准备了两个底座。
The next day， Hanks came back with the sign support structure， which included two six-inch-by-six-inch solid wood posts. A pair of two-inch-by-six-inch wood planks secured the posts together and were connected with Gorilla Wood Glue and Tapcon 1/4-inch-round construction screws.
第二天，汉克斯带着标识支撑结构回来了，其中包括两根6英寸乘6英寸的实木柱子。一对2英寸乘6英寸的木板。汉克斯把柱子固定在一起，并用康宁木胶水（Gorilla）和塔康 1/4英寸圆的施工螺丝连接。
For additional support， two two-inch-by-two-inch wood blocks were screwed behind the wood planks and into each column.
作为额外的支撑，两个2英寸×2英寸的木块被拧在木板后面，插入每个柱子。
“The smaller blocking was glued and secured with screw fasteners to make it solid; that way， nothing moves on you as you put it in the ground，” explains Hanks. “Even though you have a sign installed in concrete， you can’t put enough fasteners.”
汉克斯解释道：“即使你在混凝土上安装了一个标识，你也不能使安装足够紧固。我们一般采用粘连剂粘合并用螺丝固定，就这样，当你把它放在地上时，它就不会移动了。”
Once the sign was in the ground， but before pouring the concrete， Hanks temporarily secured a two-inch-by-four-inch wooden board across the back of the sign to help ensure that the sign was level.
在浇筑混凝土之前，汉克斯临时在标识背面固定了一块2英寸乘4英寸的木板，以确保标识是水平的。
“Once you set it in the ground， you place your level on top of that two-by-four， and you level everything before any concrete is poured，” he says.
汉克斯说：“一旦你把它放在地上，你就可以把你的重点放在那个二乘四木板的顶部，然后在倾倒混凝土之前将所有水平调平。”
Hanks then poured 3000-psi concrete for the finished， formed footings. Hanks also installed 1/2-inch-round， reinforced steel bars inside the concrete.
汉克斯随后浇筑混凝土用于成型的地基，汉克斯还在混凝土内部安装了1/2英寸的钢筋。
“The reason I like to do a finished footing is because people who come in and do lawn service with the weedeaters will tear your wooden posts up if you don’t do this，” explains Hanks.
汉克斯解释说:“我喜欢踩完草坪的原因是，如果你不这么做，那些来给除草机除草的人就会把你的木桩扯下来。”
Once the support structure was set and the concrete dry， Hanks came back and secured the HDU sign elements and the architectural elements to the structure with Tapcon 1/4-inch screws.
等支撑结构设置好，混凝土干燥之后，汉克斯用塔康 1/4英寸的螺丝将HDU标识固定到结构上。
The drop-shingle HDU sign was mounted beneath the main panel using two four-inch-by-four-inch metal L brackets.
使用两个4英寸×4英寸的金属L支架将落地式HDU标识安装在主面板下方。
Installation took a total of three days since some bad weather forced Hanks to come back a third day to finish the job.
除去一些恶劣的天气迫使汉克斯第三天回来完成这项工作以来，安装总共花了三天时间。此次的标识安装就到此结束了，希望会对你们有所帮助。
