Wayfinding: Case study on Calgary International Airport
标识系统在卡尔加里国际机场中的应用
On October 31, 2016, YYC Calgary International Airport opened its newest terminal to the public, the result of a major expansion that included two new concourses and 24 additional gates. The airport’s larger size will allow it to accommodate increasing numbers of flights to and from the U.S. and other international destinations, as well as facilitate a ‘hub-centric’ approach to improve efficiency and the passenger experience.
2016年10月31日，卡尔加里国际机场对公共开放了最新的终端服务，这是一个重大的扩张，其中包括两个大厅和24个出入口。机场规模的更大，将容纳越来越多飞往美国和其他国际航班的人流，并通过“以中心为中心”的方式来提高时间效率和乘客体验。
The Calgary Airport Authority’s original plan was to add facilities northward, but in the end, the expansion moved eastward instead. It is hoped to better position both the airport as a leader in Canada’s travel industry and the city of Calgary as an international hub unto itself. By way of example, a state-of-the-art baggage handling system could handle 4,000 arriving and 3,400 departing bags at once, with tracking and sorting capabilities to support compliance with international security requirements, but also to make flight connections easier for passengers. Designated areas would also allow passengers to check their own bags without the help of a dedicated attendee.
卡尔加里机场管理局的原始计划是向机场北面增加设施，但最终向东面进行了扩建，希望以此将卡尔加里市作为国际枢纽。例如，一个先进的行李处理系统在符合国际安全的标准内，具有自动跟踪和分类的功能，可以一次性处理4,000个将到达的行李和3,400个要离开的行李。同时，这种系统也便于乘客进行中转航班，在指定区域内，可以让乘客在没有安检人员的帮助下自己检查行李。
For the expanded airport, Toronto-based environmental graphic design (EGD) firm Entro provided a comprehensive sign program, spanning the parking garage, check-in halls, arrivals ‘meeter/greeter’ area, central departures area, security and customs facilities, baggage claim area, shops, restaurants, service areas and a variety of themed displays.
对于扩建的机场，多伦多环保设计（EGD）公司Entro提供了一个全面的标识方案，包括停车库，入住大厅，到达的会议室/迎宾区，中心出发层，海关安全设施，行李认领处，商店，餐馆，服务区和一系列主题。
Dubbed the international facilities project, the expansion was the airport’s largest to date, with the new terminal adding some 185,806 m2 (2 million sf) to the total area. Entro began working with the project’s architects at Dialog’s Calgary office in 2007, when they were still in the early stages of master planning for the terminal.
这个拥有配套国际设施项目的机场，新航站楼总面积约为185,806平方米（200万平方英尺）。 2007年，终端总体规划处于初期阶段，Entro开始与Dialog卡尔加里办公室的项目建筑师合作。
As the scope of the project grew, Entro identified areas that would need to be modified accordingly, including signage for the YYC Link, a compact transit system between the old and new terminals. Also, the gates would have to be renumbered to accommodate the airport’s new master plan and architectural configuration.
随着项目范围的扩大，Entro认定一些区域需要有相应的改建，其中包括YYC Link的标牌和一个处于新旧终端之间的紧急通道系统。此外，所有的出入口将重新编号，以适应机场的总体规划和建筑配置。
For these reasons, Entro’s team was integrated into the overall strategy for retrofitting the airport.
为此，Entro的整个团队被集成到改装机场的战略中。
A seamless system
一个无缝的系统
One of the primary objectives for Entro was to create a seamless system for passengers to navigate, from the roads leading to the airport to their final boarding gate.
Entro的主要目标之一是为乘客导航，从通往机场的道路到登机口，创造一个无缝的系统。
“That experience was among our key considerations,” says Gord McTaggart, senior associate. “It was a question of how we could manage all of the interaction points with passengers, from when they arrive at the airport to when they board the plane. When done well, wayfinding refines that experience in a holistic and positive way.”
高级助理Gord McTaggart说：“如何能够管理好乘客从到达机场到登机时所接触的交互点是我们考虑的关键。我们需要利用标识导航系统以积极有效的方式来解决很多寻路问题。
With a phased changeover for the airport’s concourses, there was a risk of confusing passengers during the transformation. So, during construction of the terminal, Entro’s work began with a transitional wayfinding system to ‘ease in’ some of the new elements of the facility and avoid problems. This involved rolling out new signs for roadways, parking areas, washrooms, gates and concourses.
机场大厅是分阶段进行转型的，转型期间会给乘客带来很多困惑。为此，在施工期间，Entro的工作先从一个过渡的寻路系统开始着手，建造一些带有“放松”感觉的设施来避免一些问题。包括对道路，停车场，洗手间，大门和大厅的标识，都将进行处理。
Entro also played an advisory role in the full strategic implementation of the updated signage program for the entire airport, including the existing terminals. There were many stakeholders involved in the project, including the client organization at the executive and operational levels, the architects, construction managers and electricians, among others, all with their own scopes of work that overlapped with each other.
Entro在实施整个机场标识更新的战略中发挥了咨询作用。项目的利益涉及众多层面，包括行政和业务层面的客户，建筑师，施工经理和电工等，他们的工作在一定范围内相互重叠。
“One of the challenges was working with all of these entities to ensure a sign would be installed in the right location,” says McTaggart. “We provided quite a bit of co-ordination when it came to our specific goals.”
McTaggart说：“确保标识安装在一个正确的位置是一个挑战，在达到我们的具体目标之前，我们需要进行相当多的协调工作。”
Another challenge was the need for a system-wide approach. Entro could not just focus on one area at a time, as there would be a ‘ripple effect’ any time a single sign was changed.
另外一个挑战是避免“波动效应”的出现，Entro不能一次只专注于一个领域的标识修改， 需要采取全系统的方法。任何情况下，单一标识的改动都会产生联动效果。
Studies and the master plan
研究和总体规划
As mentioned, the eastward expansion required a new master plan for the layout and numbering of terminals and concourses. The gate renumbering process took place in 2014.
如上所述，向机场东面的扩建需要为终端的编码制定一个新的总线规划。各个出入口的编码程序在2014年开始实施。
The terminals themselves were also redesignated, with Concourse C renamed Concourse A at the airport’s west entrance, then moving east to the new terminal’s Concourse D and Concourse E, which would open in 2016.
终端本身也被重新指定，位于机场西边入口的大厅C更名为大厅A，向东转移的新航站楼大厅D和大厅E将在2016年开放。
To determine the best strategy for indicating these changes with signage, Entro’s team—including designers Leah Ferguson and Raymundo Pavan and associate Chris Herringer—conducted an extensive process of preconstruction research and testing. This included talking to airport staff about any ‘pain points’ and existing issues that could be solved and observing passengers to check if they could easily and quickly understand information presented to them on signs.
为了确定用标牌来展示机场所有的变动，Entro的团队（包括设计师Leah Ferguson和Raymundo Pavan及其合伙人Chris Herringer）进行了广泛的预构建研究和测试。包括与机场工作人员谈论各种可以解决或暂时解决不了的问题，并观察乘客，看他们是否可以快速地了解标识所呈现处的含义。
There were also flow studies to find out how the passengers naturally moved throughout the airport, which would help Entro understand the optimal locations for sign placement. Accessibility studies, meanwhile, helped ensure the new wayfinding system would support ease of travel for physically, visually or otherwise impaired passengers.
另一方面是进行流程研究，了解乘客在整个机场的位置移动，有助于Entro对标识的位置进行部署。 同时，辅助功能的研究有助于确保新的寻路系统能够为乘客提供有利的视觉旅行。
“We can’t design in a vacuum,” says McTaggart. “Everything we do related to wayfinding is about the user group, i.e. the passengers. The more we can understand what their challenges are, the better we can design for these and create a more positive experience overall.”
McTaggart说：“我们不能纸上谈兵，寻路标识系统一切要以用户体验为基准。我们越能了解乘客的感受，越可以将标识设计的更好，形成更积极的整体体验。”
The call-to-gate system
门禁系统
Along with the new terminal, Calgary Airport introduced the first call-to-gate system in Canada. Developed for passengers travelling to the U.S. and other destinations outside the country, the system is intended to prevent cluttering of the gates’ waiting areas and allow more flights to move in and out.
随着新终端的出现，卡尔加里机场在加拿大推出了第一个门禁系统。这是为去美国和其他国家的旅客开发的系统，用来防止出入口以及等候区的混乱，以便更好的进出航班。
“The passengers wait in a common area and don’t know their gate number until the flight starts boarding,” explains Wayne McCutcheon, Entro’s partner in charge. “Clear communication is incredibly important because people have to be informed not only when their flight is called, but how far away their gate is.”
Entro的负责人Wayne McCutcheon解释说：“登机前，在公共区域候机的乘客有时不清楚登机口的序号。明确的信息提供是非常重要的，乘客不仅要聆听广播播放所乘航班的登机信息，还要估摸走到登机口的时间。”
Rather than printing gate numbers onto passengers’ boarding passes, the airport designates the concourse name on each ticket. That concourse is where passengers do the majority of their waiting, until they are notified of their gate number.
乘客的登机牌上没有显示登机口的序号<span style="FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New R
